Staying Warm In Winter

Surviving New England Winters

Honeybees in New England, including Maine, survive harsh winters through a combination of physiological adaptations and careful management by beekeepers. Here are key strategies they use:

Winter Bee Production
Physiological Adaptation: Honeybees produce **winter bees**, also known as “diutinus,” in late summer to early fall. These bees have a longer lifespan (4-6 months) compared to summer bees, which die after 6 weeks. Winter bees are crucial for the colony’s survival, as they care for the queen and ensure the colony’s continuation.

Overwintering Strategy

– **Cluster Formation:** Honeybees form a tight cluster around the queen in winter. This cluster generates heat, maintaining an internal temperature of about 93°F (34°C) even in freezing conditions. The outer bees in the cluster are older bees that absorb cold, protecting the inner bees and the queen[9].
– **Hive Preparation:** Beekeepers prepare hives for winter by ensuring they have enough food stores (honey and pollen), typically aiming for a hive weight of at least 100 pounds by the end of brood rearing in November[1].

## Challenges and Solutions

– **Varroa Mites:** Overwintering can be challenging due to Varroa mites, which weaken bees. Beekeepers often perform mite treatments before winter to reduce infestations[3].
– **Insulation and Ventilation:** Beekeepers may insulate hives to keep them warm and dry, ensuring that the cluster remains robust and healthy throughout the winter[9].